Passive & Konjunktiv II
When the doer does not matter, and how to be polite
Two structures that make you sound like an adult speaker rather than a beginner. PASSIVE: werden plus a participle. Use it when the action matters and the doer does not — official notices, instructions, processes. Das Formular wird ausgefüllt. KONJUNKTIV II: the polite and hypothetical mood. würde plus infinitive for most verbs; haben and sein have their own forms, hätte and wäre. This is how you request, suggest and complain without sounding blunt. At A1 you mostly need Konjunktiv II. Passive becomes important from A2 onwards.
Persian has a passive («ساخته شد») but uses it far less than German does — Persian prefers an impersonal active: «فرم را پر میکنند». German officialdom reaches for the passive constantly, so you will READ it much more often than you SAY it. For politeness, Persian softens with tone and words like «لطفاً» and «میشود». German softens by changing the verb form itself: kann becomes könnte, will becomes würde. Adding bitte alone is not enough.